科技英语写作5subclause.ppt

Scientific English WritingSection VI SECTION IV SUB-CLAUSES I. The adverbial clause Special translation technique for some patterns (1) not…until 该机器直到接收到信号后才工作。 The machine will not work until it receives a signal. (2) before Something further must be done to the amplified signals before they can be sent to the transmitting antenna. (4) while concession, contrast While this concept is used chiefly in electricity, the same terms are applicable to magnetism. 虽然这个概念主要用在电学中，但同样的一些术语也可用于磁学之中。 At this time the kinetic energy approached infinity, while the potential energy approaches the minimum. 水是液体而冰则是固体。 II The appositive clause several commonly used patterns There is evidence that… There is no doubt that… There is every possibility that… 这是由于在PN结两端存在一个电容之故。 This is due to that there is a capacitance across the PN junction. (2) in what follows=in what is to follow= in the following 下面，我们用f来表示频率。 In what follows, we use f to represent frequency. (5) Other cases where what-clause is used: A phrase having a modifier but no antecedent Unnecessary to mention the core word To avoid repetition It + link verb + predicative + that… 显然…: It is clear [evident; apparent; obvious] that … 还尚不清楚…: It is not clear [evident; apparent; obvious] yet… It + passive voice + that… 众所周知: It is well known that … 人们说…；据说…: It is said that … 据报道…: It is reported that … 人们相信…: It is believed that … 可以看出…: It can be seen that … 已经表明…: It has been shown that … （人们）已经发现…: It has been found that … 必须记住…: It must be remembered that … 必须指出…: It must be pointed out that … 应当注意…: It should be noted that … 必须强调…: It must be emphasized that … It + vi./semi-aux. + that… It remains to be shown…：有待于证明… It does not matter …: …是没有关系的 It makes no difference …: …是没有区别的 It follows (from…) that …: (由此)得知… There are no simpler quantities in terms of which