遥感专业英语2.ppt

All of these statements are valid and, taken together, should give you a reasonable insight into the meaning and use of the term Remote Sensing but its precise meaning depends on the context in which it is spoken of. Thus, some technical purists（纯化论者） arbitrarily（任意） stretch the scope or sphere（领域） of remote sensing to include other measurements of physical propeties from sources at a distance that are more properly included in the general term geophysics. This would take in such geophysical methods as seismic, magnetic, gravitational, acoustical, and nuclear decay radiation surveys. Magnetic and gravitational measurements respond to variations in field forces, so these can be carried out from satellites. Remote sensing, as defined in this context, would be a subset（子集） within the branch of science known as Geophysics. However, practitioners of remote sensing, in its narrower meaning, tend to exclude these other areas of geophysics from their understanding of the meaning implicit in the term. Still, space systems - mostly on satellites - have made enormous contributions to regional and global geophysical surveys. This is because it is very difficult and costly to conduct ground and aerial surveys over large areas and then to coordinate the individual surveys by joining them together. To obtain coherent（一致的） gravity and magnetic data sets on a world scale, operating from the global perspective afforded by orbiting satellites is the only reasonable alternate way to provide total coverage. One could argue that this subject deserves a Section of its own but in the remainder of this Tutorial we choose to confine our attention to those systems that produce data by measuring in the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) spectrum (principally in the Visible, Infrared, and Radio regions). Nevertheless, just to peak at the kinds of non-EMR geophysical data being collected from space, we will taken a detour from the main theme of this Section by providing on the next page several