第一章自由主义剖析.ppt

以赛亚·伯林将自由分为： 消极自由+积极自由 Negative Liberty designates a negative condition in which an individual is protected from tyranny and the arbitrary exercise of authority. Positive Liberty refers to having the means or opportunity, rather than the lack of restraint, to do things. “自由是一种个人有权根据他/她自己的意愿行动的状态,并且与个人免于外在压制或强迫有关。” Liberty identifies the condition in which an individual has the right to act according to his or her own will，and it is related to the freedom of the individual from outside compulsion or coercion. 洛克：自然状态：我们对于身体与自由的权力是绝对的；个人的财产权也是绝对的。 By nature, individu