可持续发展和地下水资源的开采[外文翻译].doc

本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目：Sustainable development and groundwater resources exploitation 出 处：Environmental Geology 34 (2/3) May 1998 .Springer-Verlag 作 者： F. Villarroya . C. R. Aldwell Sustainable development and groundwater resources exploitation Abstract. In evaluating groundwater development both the positive and negative effects must be considered; otherwise biased conclusions may be reached. Only with equal concern for the needs of present and future generations, fair exchange of technology between countries and user involvement can sustainable groundwater development be achieved. Examination of the use of the term aquifer overexploitation shows that there is no agreement on a single definition. In most cases it relates to the overuse of aquifers, but in other cases it is a planned overuse. In Spain, overexploitation is dealt with in the water act and implemented by the regulations that enforce that act. Experience has shown that without the cooperation of the water users themselves, good results are not obtained. Relevant education is urgently needed for the public and those decision makers responsible for determining the correct use of groundwater resources for the present and future generations. Key words Groundwater development , Aquifer overexploitation Are future groundwater resources at risk? To answer the question whether future groundwater resources are at risk, it is necessary to study both the quantity and quality aspects of groundwater. Water (surface and groundwater) is one of the most pervasive substances on Earth. The total volume of all water is about 1400 million km3, but only 2% is fresh water. The current rate of withdrawal is about 3500 km3/year, some 2100km3 for consumptive use, while 1400 km3 of wastewater is returned to rivers. Groundwater withdrawals (percent by sectors)