地史学1第一章 绪论.ppt

地史学Historical Geology 1 What is the Historical Geology? A science dealing with the origin and evolution of the Earth through time 定义-对象-内容-简史 Research objects for geohistory in space Research objects for geohistory in time Outline of Geohistory Sed-paleogeography: How to reconstruct paleoenvironments History geotectonics: How to reconstruct paleoplate tectonics What are the characters of paleotology? 古生物-地史学古生物学：精细、直观、具体地 史 学：广博、综合、抽象 Characters of the Historical Geology 历史性(Historical)-地史学研究的中心内容都与都与时间有联系。可概括为沉积发展史、生物演化史和构造运动史三个方面。 综合性(Comprehensive)-研究的内容广泛，涉及多个不同的学科；研究手段与方法多样，为达到高精度的目标，一切现代可以利用的方法和手段。 地史学发展简史Brief History of the Historical Geology as a science ?地史学启蒙时期(工业革命[1750]前；沧海桑田、三定律，将今论古） The initiative stage of Historical Geology ?近代地史学建立阶段（18世纪末-20世纪中；化石层序律、灾变论、相律，生物分区，槽台，大陆漂移） The establishing stage of Recent Historical Geology ?现代地史学形成与发展阶段（ 20世纪中-今；板块、新灾变论、层型、地球系统科学） Formation and development stage of Modern Historical Geology ?地史学在中国的发展（1921年辛亥革命-今；第1本地史学） Development of Historical Geology in China 颜真卿(AC 709-784) 沈括(AC 1031-1095); L. da Vinci (AC 1452-1519) N.Steno(1638-1686),1669; 年代较老的地层在下，而较新的地层叠覆在上 (Law of Superposition). A.G.Werner(1749-1817),水成论 Neptunism J. Hutton(1726-1797),火成论 Plutonism，将今论古的现实主义(Actualism)研究方法，“The present is the key to the past”. ?近代地史学建立阶段Establishment stage of Recent Historical Geology W.Smith(1769-1839)：the father of Stratigraphy; Law of Faunal Succession; G. Cuvier(1769-1832): Catastrophism; paleontology, C. Lyell(1797-1875): Uniformitarianism (The Principles of Geology), double naming A. Gressly(1838): Facies, sedimentology; J. Walther(1849): Facies’ Law (Walther’s Law) A.R. Wallace(1875): Animal Geographical Provinciality; the so-called Wallace’s line; A.M. Kapinsky(1889): Paleogeographical map, Historical tectonic analysis, Russian platform J.Dana(1873): Appalachian Geology, idea of Geosyncline, and the fold belt; E. Haug (1900): Austrian, stable platform and m