地史学3Sedimentary paleogeography-2.ppt

Chapter 2 Sedimentary paleogeography-2 2.1 concepts and law 2.2 sedimentary-facies indicators 2.3 sedimentary environments 2.2 Sed. facies indicators Types of facies indicators Biologic indicators body fossils Modern distribution of major fossilizable invertebrate and algae in relation to depth of sea. After Heckel (1972) Modern distribution of major fossilizable invertebrate and algae in relation to salinity. After Heckel (1972) Relationship between faunal diversity and salinity Reefs Lagerst?tte: crinoids, trilobites, Eurypterus, fish, plant, Kueichousaurus hui Yang, Nautilus Example-1 Example-2 In-situ ? Modern beach, E. Australia In-situ preservation of graptolites? Trace fossils: traces and remains left by organism’s action through time Characters of trace fossils Taxonomy and nomenclature Ethologic classifications Sedimentary environmental classification Significances of studying trace fossils Biologic indicators Cruziana Coprolites Chondrites Zoophycos Rosselia-bivalves-dropstones from the Permian Snapper Point Fm,Warden Head, Sydney Basin Present stromatolites, Shark Bay, Australia Stromatolites, Pt2, Beijing Association of trace fossils and their environmental significance Crosscutting relationships tiering Crosscutting  tiering Metazoan evolution showed by trace fossils Stratigraphic division The end Helminthopsis crosscutting Chodrites, packstone，O2, Juab Fm.,Ibex, Utah, USA Chodrites,Thalassinoides and Helminthoidichnites, packstone，O2, Juab Fm.,Ibex, Utah, USA * * Sed. Facies indicators——the physic, chemic and biologic characteristics which indicate sedimentary environments， processes and conditions. 2.2.1 biologic indicates 2.2.2 physic indicators 2.2.3 chemic indicators 2.2.4 integrated indicators stenohaline: corals, brachiopods, cephalopods, bryozoans types