农业面源污染理论研究及展望.pdfVIP

江西农业学报 2009, 21( 1): 137~ 142 ActaAgriculturae Jiangxi 1 2 , ( 1. 江西农业大学, 江西南昌 330045; 2. 江西省农业环境监测站, 江西南昌 330046) :、、, ,、、。 、、、, 。 :;;; : 171 :A : 1001- 8581(2009) 01- 0137- 06 Theor etic Study and Expectation on Non- poin t Source Pollution from Agr iculture 1 2 YU Jin- xiang, LIU Ya- fei (1. JiangxiAgriculturalUniversity, Nanchang330045, China; 2. JiangxiProvincialAgriculturalEnvironmentMonitoringDivision, Nanchang 330046, China) Abstract: Based on the definition, research advance, monitoring and assessmentmodels, andmanagementpractice ofnon- point sourcepollution from agriculture in theworld, the advantage and disadvantage ofmanagementmeasures for agricultural non- point sourcepollution in Chinawere analyzed, and thegood strategies, laws and regulates, policies, and agriculturalmanagement practices for controlling agriculturalnon- point source pollution were explored according to Chinese situation. Then we suggested that it is of significance to establish and perfect legal, monitoring and assessing, technical supporting, administrative, and funds frameworks for non- point source pollution from agriculture. K ey words: Non- point source pollution from agriculture; Sourcemanagement; Pathwaymanagement; Model 水是地球和人类的生命之源, 水污染是社会文明和 (Diffusion pollution from agriculture), 具有随机性、潜在 经济发展的制约因素。在全球范围内, 30% ~ 50% 的地 性、间歇性、滞后性和量大面广等鲜明特点,控制难度大、 球表面已受面源污染的影响, 全世界内不同程度退化的 涉及面广、投入多和见效慢。我国是农业生产大国, 农业 2 12亿 hm 耕地中, 约 12%是由于农业面源污染引起 生产集约化、现代化、产业化发展迅速, 农业生产中的化 [ 1] 的 。多年以来,环境科学家们逐渐认识到农业生产是 学投入品快速增长, 畜禽养殖业粪尿量增加迅猛,秸秆等 水环境污染的主要来源之一, 尤其是田间地表径流中的