ospf-5.网络类型.ppt

Configuring OSPF OSPF Network Types OSPF Network Types The three types of networks defined by OSPF are: Point-to-point: A network that joins a single pair of routers. Broadcast: A multiaccess broadcast network, such as Ethernet. Nonbroadcast multiaccess (also called NBMA): A network that interconnects more than two routers but that has no broadcast capability. Frame Relay, ATM, and X.25 are examples of NBMA networks. Five modes of OSPF operation are available for NBMA networks. Point-to-Point Links Usually a serial interface running either PPP or HDLC. May also be a point-to-point subinterface running Frame Relay or ATM. No DR or BDR election required. OSPF autodetects this interface type. OSPF packets are sent using multicast 224.0.0.5. Multiaccess Broadcast Network Generally these are, LAN technologies like Ethernet and Token Ring. DR and BDR selection are required. All neighbor routers form full adjacencies with the DR and BDR only. Packets to the DR and the BDR use 224.0.0.6. Packets from DR to all other routers use 224.0.0.5. Electing the DR and BDR Hello packets are exchanged via IP multicast. The router with the highest OSPF priority is selected as the DR. The router with the second-highest priority value is the BDR. Use the OSPF router ID as the tiebreaker. The DR election is nonpreemptive. Setting Priority for DR Election This interface configuration command assigns the OSPF priority to an interface. Different interfaces on a router may be assigned different values. The default priority is 1. The range is from 0 to 255. 0 means the router cannot be the DR or BDR. A router that is not the DR or BDR is DROTHER. NBMA Topology A single interface interconnects multiple sites. NBMA topologies support multiple routers, but without broadcasting capabilities. DR Election in NBMA Topology OSPF considers NBMA to be like other broadcast media. The DR and BDR need to have fully meshed connectivity with all other routers, but NBMA networks are not always fully meshe