11地理（国外英文资料）.docVIP

11地理 Eleventh articles Geography chapter Chapter 1 Atmosphere and wind Verse 1 Atmospheric structure and Global Monsoon I. atmosphere and its structure The atmosphere is also called the atmosphere, and the earth is surrounded by a thick layer of atmosphere. The thickness of the atmosphere is about 1000 kilometers, and there is no obvious boundary. The whole atmosphere with different heights showed different characteristics, divided into the troposphere, stratosphere, the middle layer, the warm layer and the exosphere, then the above is interstellar space. (I) structure and features of each layer; The lowest layer of the troposphere, which is about 10 to 20 km thick. Features: the atmosphere in the troposphere is greatly affected by the earth, and clouds, fog and rain all occur in this layer. The temperature of the troposphere decreases with the increase of altitude, and the temperature drops by about 6 meters every 1000 meters. Man lives on the bottom of the troposphere. Stratosphere - tropopause to 50 km to 55 km. Features: stratospheric atmosphere is a smooth flow, water vapor and dust little, high transparency, the plane will fly on this layer. In 30 kilometers below the stratosphere, the temperature in 55 degrees celsius. The middle layer is from the stratosphere to 85 km. Characteristics: the temperature decreases rapidly with height increasing, and the vertical convection of air is strong. Warm layer top to 500 km. Features: when the sun is shining, the ultraviolet light in the sunlight is absorbed by the oxygen atoms in the layer, so the temperature rises, so it is called warm layer. The exosphere -- warm layer, which is composed of charged particles. Second quarter Typhoons and hurricanes Two, typhoon conditions The ocean temperature over 26 or more tropical or sub tropical oceans, the near surface temperature is high, a large number of air expansion in the waters rise, make the pressure drops, peripheral air supplement Everfount inflows rose. Influenced by