2013年10月20日托福阅读真题解析.docVIP

2013年10月20日托福阅读真题解析 第一篇 原始机经： 阅读第一篇是讲动物传播的特征，大部分内容讲了一种鸟，雌性比雄性传播的距离要小，是为了得到母亲的帮助以及防止近亲繁殖，雄性通过决斗决定谁能留在该地区，最后一段是讲到其实狮子也有类似的传播特征。 文章结构推测：1、第一段抽象地概述动物的传播与分散，从而使得物种延续下去。2、以某种鸟类为例，开始第二段。第二段详细阐述该种鸟的雌性以怎样的方式disperse，并解释其生存意义。3、第三段讲解雄性鸟迥异的传播特征，及生存意义。4、末段做一次要补充，说明以上传播特征不仅限于鸟类，并以狮子为例展开阐述。总结题三个选项可能分别对应后三段。以下关于狮子物种散布的资料供参考。 Lions are unique among cats in that they live in a group, or pride. The members of a pride typically spend the day in several scattered groups that may unite to hunt or share a meal. A pride consists of several generations of lionesses, some of which are related, a smaller number of breeding males, and their cubs. The group may consist of as few as 4 or as many as 37 members, but about 15 is the average size. Each pride has a well-defined territory consisting of a core area that is strictly defended against intruding lions and a fringe area where some overlap is tolerated. Where prey is abundant, a territory area may be as small as 20 square km (8 square miles), but if game is sparse, it may cover up to 400 square km. Some prides have been known to use the same territory for decades, passing the area on between females. Lions proclaim their territory by roaring and by scent marking. Their distinctive roar is generally delivered in the evening before a nights hunting and again before getting up at dawn. Males also proclaim their presence by urinating on bushes, trees, or simply on the ground, leaving a pungent scent behind. Defecation and rubbing against bushes leave different scent markings. There are a number of competing evolutionary explanations for why lions form groups. Large body size and high density of their main prey probably make group life more efficient for females in terms of energy expenditure. Groups of females, for example, hunt more effectively and are better able to defend cubs against infanticidal males and their hunting territory against other females. The relative importance of these factors is debated, and it is not clear which was respon