5--英国在全球经济中竞争力水平(张湘龙译 从正文第7页开始-到正文第51页结束).docVIP

5--英国在全球经济中的竞争力水平 正文第7页开始 张湘龙译 英文单词：10069词 中文字符：17155字 Figure 3: UK SME Employers by Industry Sector (2011) 图3：英国中小企业雇主分布（按行业类别）（2011年） Source: BIS analysis of ONS data 数据来源: 国际清算银行(BIS)对国家统计局统计数据的分析 With the emergence of global value chains, larger firms have focused on those functions and activities where they have a key competitive advantage with other functions sub-contracted out to smaller firms with specialist skills, knowledge and expertise. This growing trend has helped sustain and grow the SME sector in the UK and will continue to do so in future years. 13 随着全球价值链的出现，大公司开始集中发展有核心竞争优势的领域和业务，而把其他公司其他职能分包给具备专业技能、知识和技术的小公司。这种趋势有助于维持和促进在英国中小企业部门的发展，并也将在未来几年持续出现。 The estimated number of private sector enterprises in the UK has increased in each of the last eleven years, reaching 4.54 million private sector enterprises in the UK at the start of 2011. This is an increase of almost 1.1 million (31%) since the start of 2000, when there were an estimated 3.47 million private sector enterprises (Figure 4) 英国私营企业的数量在过去11年里，每年都有所增加，在2011年初达到454万家。这比2000年初的347万家增加了近110万家（31％）。 However, the evidence by NESTA (2010) shows that despite having a relatively high proportion of firms which grow or contract rapidly, almost 30% of UK firms experienced static or very low growth over a three year period. This is more than in the USA (10%) and the average for major European countries (14%).For further discussion on the degree of competition in the UK economy see chapter 4. 但是国家科学技术艺术基金会（2010）的证据表明，尽管具有相当比例的企业发展迅速,但仍有近30％的英国企业在三年内经历低速发展或发展停滞。这一比例超过了美国和欧洲主要国家的平均水平（分别为14％和10％）。关于英国经济竞争程度的详细内容，请参见第4章。 Figure 4: Number of Private Sector Enterprises in the UK (2000–2011) 图4：英国私营企业数量(2000–2011年) Source: BIS Population Estimates for the UK and Regions 2011 数据来源:国际清算银行在2011年对英国的人口估计 Recent sectoral shifts 近期各行业的变动 Over the period 2000 to 2009, UK Gross Value Added (GVA) grew by around 43% in nominal terms. Figure 5 below shows that that this was largely driven by growth in the knowledge-i