3 现代保护.doc

什么是现代保护？① ——关于现代保护策略演变的一些思考 What is Modern Conservation? —Some thoughts about the evolution of modern conservation policies 尤嘎·尤基莱托 著 郭璇 彭文峥 译 Written by Jukka Jokilehto Translated by GUO Xuan, PENG Wenzheng 摘要：本文阐述了关于现代保护策略演变的一些思考，并试图回答“什么是现代保护”这个问题。第一部分题为“遗产的认知”，通过对彻萨尔·布兰迪的“修复理论”和一些相关的国际文件的剖析，作者阐释了国际保护的基础原理如何提供了适用于不同文化的指导性原则。他的结论是现代保护必然基于对一定的普遍性原则的应用，同时也根植于对地区层面上的特定遗产意义的认知；第二部分阐述了价值和意义的问题，并着重讨论了作为登录世界文化遗产名录的条件的“突出的普遍价值”；第三部分提供了“什么是现代保护”这个复杂问题的答案 ，即：表征了当今社会遗产态度的遗产地保护与发展的方针和策略。在20世纪下半叶的某些文化遗产保护进程中的创新时期曾结论性地指出：现代保护是“在执行”（in fieri ），即在执行过程中。国际社会所面临的挑战是如何确保该学说文本和原则是真正普遍的以及能够适用在地区环境中的。与此同时，每个地方和当地社区则有责任认识其遗产的特殊性，并获知应该如何将其保护整合到文化和环境的可持续发展当中，从而避免全球化的症候及其误导的假象。 关键词： 遗产；现代保护；价值与意义；真实性与完整性；普遍性与多样性 Abstract: The paper deals with some thoughts about the evolution of modern conservation policies in an attempt to answer the question - What is modern conservation. In the first part, entitled the Recognition of heritage, through the Theory of Restoration by Cesare Brandi and some of the international documents in the matter, the author indicates how the international conservation doctrine proposes to offer guiding principles that should be applicable in the different cultures. He concludes that modern conservation is necessarily based on the application of certain universal principles and on the recognition of the specific heritage significance at the local level. The second part of paper deals with issue of Values and significances with special emphasis on Outstanding Universal Value as the condition for the inscription on the World Heritage List. The third part of the paper provides an answer to the complex question - what is Modern conservation and claims that it refers to the policies and strategies of conservation and development of heritage sites that characterize the present-day heritage attitudes of the society. Some innovative moments in the process of the conservation of cultural heritage during the second half of the 20th century are pointed out and