最后一份 三四章结合的陶瓷粉体制备.pptVIP

亲油端在内、亲水端在外的“水包油型”胶束，叫“正相胶束” 。 亲水端在内、亲油端在外的“油包水型”胶束，叫“反相胶束”。 胶束的形成过程 胶束的变化过程 介孔结构的制备 1、粒径分布较窄，粒径可以控制； 2、选择不同的表面活性剂修饰微粒子表面，可获得特殊性质的纳米微粒； 3、粒子的表面包覆一层(或几层)表面活性剂，粒子间不易聚结，稳定性好； 4、粒子表层类似于“活性膜”，该层基团可被相应的有机基团所取代，从而制得特殊的纳米功能材料； 5、表面活性剂对纳米微粒表面的包覆改善了纳米材料的界面性质，显著地改善了其光学、催化及电流变等性质 微乳液法制备的纳米材料的特点 试剂 正硅酸乙酯( TEOS) 氨水 环己烷 正己醇 壬基酚聚氧乙烯(10) 醚(NP210) 水 油 助表面活性剂 非离子表面活性剂 1、利用W/O 微乳液制备具有规则介孔结构的单分散球形纳米SiO2 采用Schulman 法制备微乳液。 将一定量的NP210 、环己烷和氨水混合成乳状液, 在搅拌下滴加正己醇, 至体系变透明为止, 得到W/O微乳液。 将所得W/O微乳液在30 ℃恒温, 搅拌下加入定量的TEOS，水解5 h。然后加入少量乙醇, 使SiO2形成絮状沉淀。 离心分离, 固体物用乙醇洗涤5 次, 于60 ℃真空干燥至恒重, 得到白色疏松粉末； 再高温焙烧2 h , 得到纳米SiO2 。 制备过程： 2、有序多级孔——硅酸盐介孔中空球的制备 Figure 1. Scanning electron micrograph showing the morphology of the calcined sample 3、微乳液法制备纳米钴颗粒 Reverse micelles of 5X10-2 M Co(AOT)2 form an isotropic phase. The amount of water added in solution is fixed to reach a water concentration defined as w =[H2O]/[AOT]=32. Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, added to the micellar solution reduces the cobalt ions. The sodium borohydride content changes by varying the volume of a fixed concentration solution ([NaBH4] ) 1 M) added to the micellar solution. R, the NaBH4 content, is defined as R=[NaBH4]/[Co(AOT)2]. Immediately after NaBH4 addition, the micellar solution color turns from pink to black, indicating the formation of colloidal cobalt particles. Figure 1. TEMimages of cobalt nanocrystals made at various sodium tetrahydroboride concentrations, R: (A) R=0.5, (B) R=1, (C) R=2, (D) R=4, (E) R=6, and (F) R= 8. The inserts show TEM images obtained at a lower magnification. 4、ZnO六边形盘和环的制备 For the preparation of ZnO discs and rings, a NaAOT microemulsion was first prepared by adding an aqueous solution of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O (0.025m) to a solution of NaAOT (0.10m) in 1-butanol and vigorously stirring for 2 h. The volume ratio of the aqueous phase to the organic phase was 10:1. Then a concentrated aqueous solution of NH3·H2O (17.65m) with 4:1 molar ratio to Zn(NO3)2·6H2O was added dropwise to the well-stirred microemu