微胚乳玉米8个主要性状的研究-生物通.DOC

微胚乳玉米8个主要性状的研究 盛玉萍，黄其椿，吴子恺，周 琼 （广西大学农学院，南宁 530005） 摘要:【目的】探讨微胚乳超高油玉米（微胚乳玉米）在胚乳很少的状态下，其含油率等主要性状的特性表现。【方法】利用10大类型24个玉米材料，通过测定籽粒重和含油率，胚和去胚籽粒（即籽粒除了胚以外的其它部分）的重量和含油率及蛋白质含量等性状，并分析胚重/籽粒重比值及对以上性状进行方差分析与相关分析，分析3大类微胚乳玉米与7大类非微胚乳玉米的性状差异。【结果】在籽粒含油率、去胚籽粒含油率、胚重与籽粒重之比性状中，3大类微胚乳玉米的值均大于7大类非微胚乳玉米的值；在籽粒重和去胚籽粒重性状中，3大类微胚乳玉米的值均小于7大类非微胚乳玉米的值；在蛋白质含量性状中，3大类微胚乳玉米的值排在10大类中第1、3、5位。以上性状的方差分析结果显示，微胚乳玉米与非微胚乳玉米均有显著或极显著差异。结果还显示，微胚乳玉米的油分不仅存在于胚，而且在去胚籽粒中也含有6.21%～12.92%的油分。【结论】3大类微胚乳玉米以上的6个性状与7大类非微胚乳玉米形成了明显的差异。微胚乳玉米籽粒胚乳少、胚大、含油率高、蛋白质含量高、具有良好的育种开发前景。 关键词：微胚乳玉米；超高油；含油率 Study on Eight Characteristics in Micro-Endosperm Corns SHENG Yu-ping, HUANG Qi-chun, WU Zi-kai, ZHOU-qiong (Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005) Abstract: 【Objective】In order to understand the properties of main characteristics in kernel oil percentage and other traits about MECs (Micro-endosperm super high oil corn.) under the state of very few endosperm. 【Method】The measurements were taken on the weight and oil percentage of kernel, the weight and oil percentage of embryo and embryo-removed kernel (ERK), and the protein content which from 24 materials in ten corn types. The different characteristics between three MECs and the other seven non- MECs were analysized.【Result】It was found that the kernel weight and ERK weight of MECs were less, but their kernel oil percentage, ERK oil percentage and ratio of embryo weight/kernel weight were higher than the others. The order of protein content of three MECs in the ten corn types was 1, 3 and 5, respectively. The differences of the six characteristics above between three MECs and other seven non- MECs were significant (P＜0.01 or 0.05). At the same time, another result showed that the oil of three MECs not only existed in the embryo, but also had 6.21%-12.92% in the ERK. 【Conclusion】 There was clearly difference between three MECs and seven non- MECs in above six characteristics. The EMCs which main product is embryo can be used by further breeding because of their unique ch