曼昆经济学 课后答案Key to Ch9 ch10.doc

Ch9 SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS: Quick Quizzes 1. Since wool suits are cheaper in neighboring countries, Autarka would import suits if it were to allow free trade. 2. Figure 9-1 shows the supply and demand for wool suits in Autarka. With no trade, the price of suits is 3 ounces of gold, consumer surplus is area A, producer surplus is area B + C, and total surplus is area A + B + C. When trade is allowed, the price falls to 2 ounces of gold, consumer surplus rises to A + B + D (an increase of B + D), producer surplus falls to C (a decline of B), so total surplus rises to A + B + C + D (an increase of D). A tariff on suit imports would reduce the increase in consumer surplus, reduce the decline in producer surplus, and reduce the gain in total surplus. Figure 9-1 3. Lobbyists for the textile industry might make five arguments in favor of a ban on the import of wool suits: (1) imports of wool suits destroy domestic jobs; (2) the wool-suit industry is vital for national security; (3) the wool-suit industry is just starting and needs protection from foreign competition until it gets started; (4) other countries are unfairly subsidizing their wool-suit industries; and (5) the ban on wool suits can be used as a bargaining chip in international negotiations. In defending free trade in wool suits, you could argue that: (1) free trade creates jobs in some industries even as it destroys jobs in the wool-suit industry, and allows Autarka to enjoy a higher standard of living; (2) the role of wool suits for the military is probably exaggerated; (3) government protection isn’t needed for an industry to grow on its own; (4) it would be good for Autarka to buy wool suits at a subsidized price; and (5) threats against free trade may backfire, leading to lower trade and lower economic welfare for everyone. Questions for Review 1. If the domestic price that prevails without international trade is above the world price, the country does not have a comparative advantage in produc