机械专业英语董建国第19章.pptVIP

Unit 19 TEXT READING MATERIAL Unit 19 TEXT Tool Life The higher the cutting speed, the shorter the tool life. By tool life is meant the time of cutting until the tool becomes too worn to do its work effectively and must be sharpened. Although it cannot be universally applied, many cutting operations on most materials obey the empirical relationship： VTn=C Where V is the cutting speed in surface meters per second, T is the tool life in cutting seconds, and C is a constant, subject to the variables of work material, cutting tool material, tool shape, and other factors. The constant C is equal to the cutting velocity for a tool life of l min. Figure19-1 shows a typical tool life curve that follows this mathematical relationship. Fig. 19-1 Tool life curves for turning steel bar If such a machining formula is available, the production planner can use it to work out the lowest cost of machining. Obviously the fastest possible machining speed will give the lowest cost per cubic millimeter of chips, if no other factors are involved. However, this ideal condition may mean frequent tool changes and sharpenings. In the time required to change tool bits perhaps 25 cubic millimeter or more of chip making may be lost. The production planner must then select a compromise speed. He may select the speed that will give a tool life extending over a full shift of production or over the whole production run, if it is reasonably short. Or he may balance the cost of tool change and tool sharpening against the speed of machining to provide a minimum overall cost. LEARN TO SPEAK Mr. Zhang: Hello, Mr. Cheng. Nice to see you again! Mr. Cheng: I’m glad to meet you. Mr. Zhang: What are you doing? Mr. Cheng: I am preparing an experiment of tool life. Mr. Zhang: Oh, tool life? What does it mean? Mr. Cheng: Tool life is the time of cutting until the tool becomes too worn to do its work efficiently and must be sharpened. Mr. Zhang: How can we decide that the tool must be sh