柏柏尔海盗 The Barbary Pirates.pptVIP

柏柏尔海盗The Barbary Pirates The Barbary Coast Consisted of four states: Morocco, Tripoli, Tunis, and Algieria Established by Barbarossa in the 16th century Pledged the states to the Ottoman Empire Corsairs The Barbary Corsairs were privateers who had been operating out of the Ottoman Empire since the Crusades The leading Corsairs were Saracens Were Muslims, preyed exclusively upon Christians Operated out of several infamous ports including Algiers, Sale, Tripoli, and Tunis Favored galleys that were fast and maneuverable in shallow water Used terror tactics to force merchant vessels to surrender Importance As Muslims, they were sworn to oppose Christians Were created during the Crusades Took slaves rather than killed them Those who converted to Islam were treated as equals and avoided slavery Sanctioned by a government Protection Money The Barbary States demanded annual tribute from seafaring nations (tribute allowed their ships to sail unmolested across the Barbary Coast and to trade in African ports) By the 18th Century, most of the European powers paid tribute routinely After 1783, America was no longer under protection from the pirates (through relationship to Britain) In the late 18th century, the U.S. gov’t agreed to pay tribute to each of the pirate states The Great Debate Adams and Jefferson disagreed about how to handle the Corsairs Adams strongly favored paying off the pirates Jefferson vehemently disagreed The First Barbary War In May 1801, both sides declared war An American squadron chased the Corsairs back into the Mediterranean The squadron accomplished little: An unsuccessful blockade was enacted, with help from Sweden Encouraged Sweden’s active participation, mutual benefit Let the pirates know America would not tolerate them any longer America tried numerous ineffective assaults over the course of the next few years The Philadelphia In 1803, the American Frigate the Philadelphia pursued an enemy Xebec into an uncharted reef The Philadelphia caught on