c10 纳米结构金属与合金 - 中国材料研究学会.pdf

C10. 纳米结构金属与合金 分会主席：赵永好、王经涛、武晓雷、朱运田 C10-01 Towards strength-ductility synergy through the design of heterogeneous nanostructured metals Evan Ma Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Metals can be processed to reach very high strength, but their ductility becomes disappointingly low. This trade-off has been a dilemma for centuries. With the advent of structural control on nanometer scale, we can now purposely deploy heterogeneous nanostructures in an otherwise single-phase metal, and by doing so have reached the verge of achieving both high strength and high ductility at the same time. The several routes that are currently being explored in the metallurgy community, including multi-modal, gradient, lamellar, domain-dispersed, and hierarchical (including compositional aggregation) schemes, are actually striving for the same goal: a heterogeneous nanostructured metal (HNM) predisposed with spatial distribution of different-sized crystal grains. The seemingly distinct tactics share a unifying concept in that heterogeneously distributed defects set up roadblocks to plastic flow carriers (dislocations), and meanwhile the strain inhomogeneity promotes geometrically necessary dislocations and gradient plasticity effects, effectively enhancing back stress hardening and delocalizing the plastic strain. The outcome is not only a multi-fold increase in strength relative to conventional metals, but also little sacrifice of uniform tensile elongation owing to an adequate strain hardening rate that suppresses plastic instability. Moreover, nanoscale heterogeneity in a metal mimics what multiple phases do in complex alloys, functionally graded structures, and composites, and as such also connects to these latter known fi