欧洲文化通论 罗马共和国的衰败the fall of Roman Republic.pptxVIP

What?were?the?problems?that?plagued? the?Roman?republic?in?the?last?century?? What?caused?these?problems?and? how?did?the?Romans?try?to?solve?them?? To?what?extent?was?the?republic?destroyed by?the?ambitious?generals?who?loved?power?more?than?Rome?itself? ;;The Geography of Early Rome;Consequences of Roman Expansion;New Hellenized, urban culture ? Roman literature imitates Greek models --Terence ? Adopted fad of Greek bathing ? Shift in eating habits ? More opportunities for Roman aristocrats to enrich themselves politically and materially ? Demise of foreign enemies = loss of patriotism and Roman value of frugality;The Decay of the Republic;215-148 B.C.E;Servile Wars;Era of Attempted Reforms The Gracchi (格拉古兄弟) Tiberius Gracchus (168-133 B.C.E.) – land reform had the offended tribune removed from office he announced his candidacy for a second successive tribunate The first bloodshed in Roman political history populares(平民派) V.S optimates(贵族派) 2) Gaius Gracchus (159-121B.C.E.) Establishing new colonies for landless veterans Stabilizing the price of grain Giving citizenship to the Italians ;The Origin of Client Army Gaius Marius (157-86 B.C.E.) 马略 Under the help of his subordinate, Sulla (138-78 B.C.E.), brought the Jugurthine War to an end. 2) served 5 consecutive terms from 104 B.C.E until 100 B.C.E. Army reform: using volunteers(disposed farmers and rural proletarians) 1) Gaining enough power to challenge civilian authority 2) The personal loyalty of the troops ;The Demise of the Roman Republican Tradition Lucius Cornelius Sulla (138-78 B.C.E.) Sulla was elected consul for 88 B.C.E. won a civil war against Marius and his friends Sulla proscribes his political opponents restore senatorial government, try to strengthen the power of the Senate and Optimates Set an example: a general using his own troops to take power and massacre his opponents, as well as innocent people. ;the First Triumvirate ;the Second Triumvirate ;Fall of the Roman Republic;The R