欧洲艺术期末整理.docx

Minoan Civilization c. 1900-1375 BCEBased on the island of Crete（克里特岛）- the largest island in the Aegean Sea（爱琴海）Economically self sufficient（经济自给自足）Because of its location became a trading power（贸易大国）（希腊大陆、埃及、近东和土耳其）- traded with Mainland Greece, Egypt, the Near East, and Anatolia (Turkey)Architectural Complexes（建筑群）* The Palace of Knossos（科诺索斯宫殿）- found by Sir Arthur Evans in 1900 CE- occupied 2000-1375 BCE- known for its courtyards（庭院）- Designed like a Beijing Hutong-a massive earthquake（大地震） in 1700 BCE badly damaged the palace- the rebuilding of the palace marks the beginning of the “new” palace period.（标志着···的开始）Ceramic Arts（陶瓷艺术）developed elegant ceramics because of the potters wheel（陶工旋盘）* most famous is Kamares Ware- extremely thin- graceful, stylized, painted decoration（装饰画）Stone Rythons = stone vessels used for pouring liquids during ceremonies（石头容器用于在仪式中倒出液体）- carved from steatite; a greenish or brown stone（用滑石瓷器雕刻）Painting* large scale murals（大型壁画）- painting that takes up an entire wall or ceiling* conventions- elegantly drawn linear contours filled with bright（雅致的线条轮廓），unshaded（无阴影）, fields of pure color（纯净的色彩域）- preference for profile or full-faced views(偏好侧面或全面的视角)- stylization that turns natural forms into decorative patterns（风格—把自然形式融入装饰图案中）- appearance of motion（表面上的运动）作品名Bull Leaping（跳牛）Young Girl Gathering Saffron（年轻女孩收集藏红花）Mycenaen Civilization c. 1600-1100 BCEArchitecture- developed in distinct ways form Minoan architecture- Minoan civilization on an island; natural defenses（防御）- Mycenaen civilization on the mainland; no natural defenses- built fortified strongholds坚固的堡垒called citadels（城堡）Mycenae (the home of Agememnon)* The Lion Gate狮子门- post and lintel architecture（过梁）- a corbeled relieving arch above the lintel; forms a triangle（辅助拱，形成三角形）- put sculptures in the empty space ArchitectureTholos Tombs（园屋墓地） : members of the elite （精英、掌权人物）started building large above ground burial places. * Treasury of Atreus c. 1300-1200 BCE- corbeled vault（建