欧洲文化常识测试英语题型.doc

《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一） Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek Culture 填空 European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century. In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, king of Macedon. In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century. Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sports competition. Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy. The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, island of Ithaca. Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho and Pindar. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympic odes. The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon. Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King, Electra, and Antigone. Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and Trojan Women. Comedy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds. Herodotus is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians. Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily. Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that al