流体力学Chapter 2-eng.ppt

Important applications in this chapter are (1) pressure distribution in the atmosphere and the oceans, (2) the design of manometer pressure instruments (3) Forces on submerged flat and curved surfaces, (4) buoyancy on a submerged body, (5) the behavior of floating bodies 1bf/ft2 1bf=0.4536kgf=4.45N 1 ft=30.48cm 1 ft =12 in 1 ft2 =0.0929 m2 Example The classic use of a manometer is when two U-tube legs are of equal length, as in Fig. and the measurement involves a pressure difference across two horizontal points. The typical application is to measure pressure change across a flow device, as shown. Derive a formula for the pressure difference pa - pb in terms of the system parameters in Fig. Solution Example Derive a formula for the pressure difference pA-pB. § 2-5 Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces--Introduction Introduction A block of concrete weights 100 N in air and weights only 60 N when immersed in fresh water(9,810 N/m3). What is the average specific weight of the block? Problem---p2.53 Panel ABC in the slanted side of a water tank is an isosceles triangle with the vertex at A and the base BC 2 m,as in Fig. P2.53. Find the water force on the panel and its line of action. Problem--- p2.55 Gate AB in Fig. P2.55 is 5 ft wide into the paper, hinged at A, and restrained by a stop at B. The water is at 20°C. Compute (a) the force on stop B and (b) the reactions at A if the water depth h 9.5 ft. Problem--- p2.73 Gate AB is 5 ft wide into the paper and opens to let fresh water out when the ocean tide is dropping. The hinge at A is 2 ft above the freshwater level. At what ocean level h will the gate first open? Neglect the gate weight. Problem--- p2.82 The dam in Fig. P2.82 is a quarter circle 50 m wide into the paper. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force against the dam and the point CP where the resultant strikes the dam. Problem--- p2.85 Compute the horizontal and ve