辽宁机电职技校对口招生英语语法复习专题：情态动词.docVIP

情态动词 I.讲义 a. 情态动词的定义：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 b. 情态动词的特点:1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词 的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。 c. 情态动词的基本用法 1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。Two eyes can see more than one.?? Could the girl read before she went to school??? 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。表示有时候可能会（肯定句中）The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.?? He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.?? You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.?? Anyone can make mistakes.任何人都有可能犯错误。 3）表示允许。（多用于口语中）Can I have a look at your new pen??? He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. —Could I come here again tomorrow?明天我还能来这儿吗？ —Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not.) 4）表推测、惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Where can (could) they have gone to??? He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty.?? 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand??? I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today.?? 注意：①can表示推测时只用于否定句和疑问句，对过去的事情表示推测时，其后跟have+过去分词。couldn’t 的可能性比can’t 小。 He can’t/couldn’t have finished so much work in so short a time. You can’t be serious.（对现在情况的推测） ②could have done 可表示过去有能力做到，但没有做。（虚拟） We could have gone there on foot and a taxi wasn’t necessary at all. 2. may (might) 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 You may take whatever you like.?? He told me that I might smoke in the room.?? May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby??? 在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等， 2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。He may be at home.?? He was afraid they might not agree with him.?? 【比较】It can’t be him. He has gone abroad.（语气肯定） It may not be him, but I’m not quite sure.（语气不肯定） 3）表示祝愿 May our friendship be ever lasting! 4）表示目的（用于状语从句，也可以用can） Deliver an email to him so that he may know in time. 5）表示让步（用于让步状语从句） Anyone may see the difference. Whatever may happen, we shall never lose hope. 6) 表示抱怨 在肯定句中表示轻微