医学电子书系列Chapter 8 – Regenerative Medicine.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 8 REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Jason P. Glotzbach, Sae Hee Ko, Geoffrey C. Gurtner, and Michael T. Longaker clinicians with an expanded armamentarium to treat diseased stem cell sources and dysfunctional organs. bioengineering for regenerative medicine clinical applications of stem cells Embryonic Stem Cells During development, two distinct lineages emerge during the transition from morula to blastocyst, the trophoectoderm and the inner cell mass. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are immortal Regeneration refers to the restoration of normal tissue and organ cell lines derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. The architecture and function after injury or disease. Although two hallmark characteristics of ESCs are their unlimited in vitro numerous complex organisms retain impressive capacity to self-renewal capacity and their ability to differentiate into all regenerate limbs and organs throughout adult life, humans have somatic cell types.1 A number of transcription factors, most sacrificed regenerative ability for speed and strength of repair. prominently Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, are essential regulators This has allowed us to enjoy remarkable evolutionary success, that ensure the maintenance of pluripotency while suppressing 2 but