希腊化时代的四大哲学流派 Four great schools of philosophy in Hellenistic Period概要1.pptVIP

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希腊化时代的四大哲学流派 Four great schools of philosophy in Hellenistic Period概要1.ppt

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希腊化时代的四大哲学流派 Four great schools of philosophy in Hellenistic Period概要1

Four Great Schools of Philosophy in Hellenistic Period by Ave Profile of Hellenistic Period Hellenistic Period(336-146 BC) - period between the conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great and the establishment of Roman supremacy, in which Greek culture and learning were pre-eminent in the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. It is called Hellenistic (Greek, Hellas, Greece) to distinguish it from the Hellenic culture of classical Greece. The minuscule city-states system collapsed and a new imperial power established. The Empire is with a multiple ethics. Four schools of philosophy: Skepticism ,Cynicism,Stoicism, Epicureanism. Skepticism Founder: Pyrrhon of Elis Main Points:Stressing the impossibility of certain knowledge, Skeptics urged people to withdraw from the world around them. The quest for truth, after all, was hopeless, as was the quest for power. Today, the words ?skeptical? and ?cynical? are linked when we talk about people who are not easily persuaded. Cynicism: the philosophy in a storage jar in the sunshine Founder: Antisthenes Representative Personage: Diogenes. Main Points: One should become self‐ sufficient by shedding the trappings of civilization for the naturalness of animals,e.g, like dogs; Individual’s happiness does not depend on the advantages of outer conditions. Nowadays, Cynicism changed from the origin sincere pursuit of nature into the great dissatisfaction to the society. Stoicism:the philosophy in the porch Founder: Zeno Main Points: In keeping with their belief in an orderly universe, Stoics believed that life was rational and could be planned. Stoicism encourages to uphold justice, but not to engage in any serious attempts at reform. Stoicism urges its followers to attain an inner tranquillity that was proof not only against agonizing pain, but against excessive pleasure as well. Serenity, the Stoics believed, was impossible without the confidence that one had fulfilled one?s duties to others, and Stoicism entailed a large dose