第一讲背影赏析.ppt

第一讲 由张培基译《背影》看散文的中译英 parataxis hypotaxis 意合和形合是语言组织法，所谓“意合”指不借助语言形式手段而借助词语或句子所含意义的逻辑联系来实现它们之间的连接；所谓“形合”指借助语言形式手段（包括词汇手段和形态手段）实现词语和句子的连接，前者注重行文意义上的连贯，后者注重语言形式上的接应。潘文国：1997《汉英语对比纲要》 散文 题材广泛 形式自由 汉语的散文讲求形散而神聚，只要中心意思明确，形式可以自由灵活；而英语的习惯则是讲求行文紧凑严密。 翻译思路：在紧扣原文的基础上，重新进行断句，把若干个小句的意思融化，吸收，综合，或拆或并，并且选择适当的连接词，句型和结构加以连接。这样既不损失原文的意思，又保证了英语逻辑严谨的习惯。使整篇译文浑然天成，保证了译文的可读性（readability）。 背影的语言特点 1. 简单，朴素，干净，不着意修饰，无论是用词还是句式都如此。 2. 比较口语化，没有生僻的字。 3. 每句话都是有内容的，连接紧凑，形式自然，读起来很顺当，但语句衔接与连贯比较松散。 4．多短句，少对话，只是平静的叙述，但有丰富的感情蕴含其中。 翻译理论家奈达（E. A. Nida）提出的“功能对等”（functional equivalence） 评判译文的四个标准: 1. 达意。 2. 传神。 3. 语言流畅自然。 4. 读者反应类似。 1、 “那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。” “Misfortunes never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening home to attend grandma’s funeral.” 2、“到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼籍的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。” “When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in the courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling down my cheeks.” 3、 “这些日子，家中光景很是惨淡，一半为了丧事，一半为了父亲赋闲。” “Between grandma’s funeral and father’s unemployment, our family was then in reduced circumstances.” 4、“他再三嘱咐茶房，甚是仔细。但他终于不放心，怕茶房不妥贴；颇踌躇了一会。” “He urged the waiter again and again to take good care of me, but still did not quite trust him. He hesitated for quite a while about what to do.” 5、“他踌躇了一会，终于决定还是自己送我去。” “After some wavering, he finally decided that he himself would accompany me to the station.” 6、 “不要紧，他们去不好！” “Never mind! It won’t do to trust guys like those hotel boys.” 7、“我那时真是聪明过分，总觉他说话不大漂亮，非自己插嘴不可。但他终于讲定了价钱；就送我上车。”  “I was such a smart aleck that I frowned upon the way father was haggling and was on the verge of chipping in a few words when the bargain was finally clinched.” 地道，巧妙的关联词语的运用 “我赶紧拭干了泪，怕他看见，也怕别人看见。” “I quickly wiped them away lest he or others should catch me crying. ” “等他的背影混入来来往往的人里，再找不着了，我便进来坐下，我的眼泪又来了。” “I, however, did not go back to