第三讲 文学翻译的方法和技巧及语言和形式.ppt

第三讲 文学翻译的方法和技巧 上次翻译练习作业 In this general movement, unhappy Africa at last is remembered; Africa, who began the race of civilization and human progress in the dim, gray dawn of early time, but who, for centuries, has lain bound and bleeding at the foot of civilized and Christianized humanity, imploring compassion in vain. But the heart of the dominant race, who have been her conquerors, her hard masters, has at length been turned towards her in mercy; and it has been seen how far nobler it is in nations to protect the feeble than to oppress them. Thanks be to God, the world has at last outlived the slave-trade! （Preface to Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe） 上次翻译作业（1） 在这场广泛开展的运动中，充满苦难而不幸的非洲终于被人们重又记起。非洲，早在人类尚未开化的蒙昧时代，这片土地即开始了人类文明和种族的繁衍。然而几个世纪以来，她却流着血，匍匐在基督教化了的文明种族脚下，徒然地乞求着怜悯。 终于，今天那些居于统领地位的种族，那些她的征服者，她那冷酷无情的主人们带着他们的仁慈和恩惠，面向她转过身来。人们已经认清了对于任何一个国家或民族来说保护弱小远比欺压他们要来得高尚得多。感谢上帝，奴隶贸易终于在这个世界上灰飞烟灭了！ 上次翻译作业（2） 在这场广泛的运动中，不幸的非洲终于被世人记住了:曾在人类历史的蒙昧时期开始文明和人类进步历程的非洲，近几百年来，却在那些信奉基督教的文明人的脚下受奴役，流血汗，徒劳地乞求怜悯。 可是，作为征服者、凶狠的主人和占统治地位的民族，终于对她动了怜悯之心。人们认识到，对于国家来说，保护弱小比恃强凌弱不知要高尚多少。感谢上帝，奴隶贸易在世界上已不复存在！ 一、归化和异化 1. Domestication and foreignization The question of the choice between domestication and foreignization in translation has long been the focus of discussion in the field of translation studies. Domestication is an approach in which the original imagery, style of language, and moods are changed to those familiar to the reader in the target language, so as to ensure the greatest degree of acceptance. For example, roses in English may become peonies in Chinese, and English idiom “grow like mushrooms” may become “grow like bamboos after spring rains”. Foreignization, on the other hand, is an approach in which the original imagery and other elements of the form or style are retained in the target language so that the original style can be kept, cultural color or implications will not get lost and the target language can thus be enriched with the vivid and fresh expressions.