管理学课件第10章 组织结构与设计(Organizational Structure and Design).pptVIP

Chapter 10 Organizational Structure and Design （组织结构与设计） Departmentalization(部门化) 含义：将若干职位组合在一起的依据和方式 类型（Departmentalization by Type）： 职能部门化 - 依据职能组合工作 产品部门化 - 依据产品线来组合工作 地区部门化 - 按照地理区域进行工作的组合 过程部门化- 依据产品或顾客流来组合工作 顾客部门化 - 依据共同的顾客来组织工作 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 10–* Exhibit 10–3 Contrasting Spans of Control 10–* Organization Structure (cont’d) Centralization(集权化) The degree to which decision-making is concentrated at a single point in the organizations. Organizations in which top managers make all the decisions and lower-level employees simply carry out those orders. Decentralization(分权化) Organizations in which decision-making is pushed down to the managers who are closest to the action. Employee Empowerment(授权) Increasing the decision-making authority (power) of employees. ①过分相信自己的能力、水平和经验。 ②畏惧下属的潜力。 ③强烈的权力欲望。 ④不懂得如何授权。?  老总为何不善授权？ 10–* Exhibit 10–4 Factors that Influence the Amount of Centralization More Centralization Environment is stable. Lower-level managers are not as capable or experienced at making decisions as upper-level managers. Lower-level managers do not want to have a say in decisions. Decisions are relatively minor. Organization is facing a crisis or the risk of company failure. Company is large. Effective implementation of company strategies depends on managers retaining say over what happens. 10–* Exhibit 10–4 (cont’d) Factors that Influence the Amount of Centralization More Decentralization Environment is complex, uncertain. Lower-level managers are capable and experienced at making decisions. Lower-level managers want a voice in decisions. Decisions are significant. Corporate culture is open to allowing managers to have a say in what happens. Company is geographically dispersed. Effective implementation of company strategies depends on managers having involvement and flexibility to make decisions. 10–* Organization Structure (cont’d) Formalization(正规化) The degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized and the extent to w