戴炜栋主编英语语言学教程第6章课件_pragmatics.pptVIP

* 英语语言学 English Linguistics * Chapter Six Pragmatics Topics of the chapter 6.1 Some basic notions Definition, Pragmatics vs. semantics, context, Sentence meaning vs. utterance meaning 6.2 Speech act theory 6.3 Principle of conversation 6.4 Cross-cultural pragmatic failure (omitted) * * 6.6.1 Definition of Pragmatics语用学定义 The study of language in use. The study of meaning in context. the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. * 6.1.2 Pragmatics vs. semantics 语用学和语义学 Semantics is the study of the literal meaning of a sentence (without taking context into consideration). Pragmatics the study of the intended meaning of a speaker (taking context into consideration), e.g. e.g. “Today is Monday”, semantically, it means that today is the first day of the week; pragmatically, you can mean a lot by saying this, all depending on the context and the intention of the speaker ( an invitation…）. 6.1.3 Context 语境 Context a basic concept in the study of pragmatics. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer, such as cultural background, situation(time, place, manner, etc.), the relationship between the speaker and the hearer, etc.…. * * 6.1.4 Sentence Meaning vs. Utterance Meaning句子意义和言语意义 Utterance vs. Sentence Sentence: abstract units of the language system. Utterance: units of language in use. * It’s cold in here. * Semantic meaning: the more constant, inherent side of meaning Pragmatic meaning: the more indeterminate, the more closely related to context * 1. A: Are you going to the seminar? B: It’s on linguistics. 2. A: Would you like some coffee? B: Coffee would keep me awake. 3. A: 我带的钱不够，今天买不了。 B: 那就下次再买吧。 * 6.2 Speech Act Theory 言语行为理论 John Austin (1911-1960), British philosopher Speech Act a term derived from the work of Austin and now used to refer to a theory which analyzes the role