英译汉 Lecture 1.ppt

Lecture 1 INTRODUCTION * My Contact: 1. E-mail: zhangxialuotuosheng@ 2. Mobile: Public E-mail: Account: tianyueqingyuan@126.com Password: tianyueqingyuan Questions: What is translation? When has it started? Why does it exist? 1. History of Translation 1. Eastern Han—Sui Tang Dynasties: Buddhist Scripture Translation 2. end of Ming Dynasty— Qing Dynasty: western Technological works 3. Opium War-May 4th Movement: western social culture and science 4 the 1980s -: (panorama) 11th Century BC~256 BC :recorded translating In the West: 3000 BC : Assyria 18th C.: Babylonia 3rd C.: recorded translation 2. Definition of Translation Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. ——Columbia Encyclopedia Translating is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual in another language (TL). (J.C. Catford) Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style(所谓翻译，是指从语义到文体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息). (E. A. Nida) * 翻译是一个用译入语再现源语信息的过程，首先要语意自然切近,其次要风格得体相类 。 Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. (Peter Newmark ) A translation is taken to by any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on whatever grounds. (Gideon Toury) Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text. (German translation theorist Christiane Nord ) 翻译是按社会认知需要，在具有不同规则的符号系统之间传递信息的语言文化活动。 （方梦之《译学辞典》） 翻译是把一种语言（即原语）的信息用另一种语言（即译语）表达出来，使译文读者能得到原作者所表达的思想，得到