英语国家概况chapter 17.ppt

Chapter 17 American History  (1945-1980s) I. The Origins of the Cold War II. The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan V. McCarthyism VII. American Society During the Postwar Boom VIII. The Cuban Missile Crisis IX. The Vietnam War X. US Relations with China XII. Watergate Scandal of Nixon I. The Origins of the Cold War 1. The root cause of the Cold War the contradictory goal and conflicts of post-war world order. 1.1 The United States To establish American leadership in the world To open the world market to American goods and capital To break down the Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. 1.2 The Soviet Union out of its own security concern and fear of capitalist encirclement To determined to keep its hold on the Eastern European countries To defend its sphere of influence at all costs. 2. Two Camps Socialism vs. Capitalism When WWII finally ended in September 1945, the clash of interests of the US and the Soviet Union became obvious and intense. I. The Origins of the Cold War 3. Containment policy The two countries tried to analyze the other party’s intentions and worked out their own policy. 3.1 The Soviet Union The Soviet Union thought there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the finally struggle against capitalism represented by the US and Britain. 3.2 The US The US took the suggestions of George Kennan, the American embassy to Moscow, adopted the containment policy towards The Soviet Union until 1989. II. The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan 1. Truman Doctrine 1.1?? The background 1.1.1?Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe out of its own security concern and fear of capitalist encirclement. 1.1.2 British support to and withdraw from Greece and Turkey. On February 21, 1947, Britain informed the US that it would end financial support of Greece and Turkey and withdraw troops from these countries on April 1 and if the US did n