英语阅读进阶Steps 6-10.doc

Step 6 Relations Besides the two common types of relations, there are other three types of relations: 1 relations that involve illustration 2 relations that involve comparison and contrast 3 relations that involve cause and effect Illustration words (for) example (for) instance illustration including such as once Comparison words (just) as likewise in a similar manner (just) like in like manner in the same way alike similar(ly) resemble Contrast words but instead still even though yet in contrast as opposed to different(ly) however on the other hand in spite of differs from although on the contrary despite unlike nevertheless converse(ly) rather than while Cause and Effect words therefore so result because (of) thus as a result effect reason as a consequence results in cause explanation consequently leads to if…then accordingly due to since affect Exercises Directions: Complete each sentence with a suitable addition word from the box illustrating contrast. Try to use a variety of transitions. 1. Most of us could live without food for a month; ____________, we need two quarts of water a day to survive. 2. ________ going up a ladder is easy, looking down can be difficult. 3. At first we were planning on spending our vacation at a campgroud, ______ now we’ve decided to save money by relaxing at home. 4. Paula was not satisfied with her paper ___________ the fact that she had already written five drafts. 5. We use seventeen muscles to smile. ___________, we have to use forty-three muscles to frown. Step 7 Fact and Opinion A fact is information that can be proved true through objective evidence. This evidence may be physical proof or the spoken or written testimony of witnesses. An opinion is a belief, judgment, or conclusion that cannot be objectively proved true.