限制性定从和非限制性定从.ppt

限制性和非限制性定语从句;一、限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 例如： 1.This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） 2.The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） ;二、当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。 例如： 1.Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 2.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 3.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。;三、非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。这个时候as 和which 可以互换。 例如： 1.He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which（as) greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 2.Liquid water changes to vapor, which (as)is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ;总结;as, which 非限定性定语从句 　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，As一般放在句首，which在句中，这时从句的谓语动词用单数。 例如： 　　As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。 典型例题　 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he ;2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. what　B. which　C. that　D. it 3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. A. that　B. which　　C. as　 D. it as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：;（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 （2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 例如： 1.As was expected, he did it successfully. 2.As is natural, she married an American business. ;介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。 3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 例如： 　 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 　 This is the house where I lived two years ago. 　 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ 　 Do you remember the day when you joined our club? ;