Vuchic——LEC1205-Beij-USAExper.pptVIP

* * * * * * * Subway (Metro) Network in Beijing北京地铁网络 9.1 Review of city categories by transportation conditions  A. Developing countries Many cities in Africa, Latin America and Asia face many problems: Insufficient understanding of transportation and its role in city Program of financing, particularly investments, is unstable and inadequate because of other country’s needs Lack of financing favors low-investment/low-quality transport systems Limited technical and managerial expertise 9.2 City categories  B. Countries in transition: East European countries, Russia, former Soviet republics, China - Good technical expertise for transit systems, but lagging in highway/traffic engineering - Inadequate understanding of intermodal complexities; rapid increase of auto ownership leads to repetition of many errors industrial countries made at the corresponding stage of transport development - Missing systems approach leads to inefficiencies - Failure to develop medium-capacity transit modes – LRT and BRT 9.3 City categories  C. Many cities in industrialized countries - Limited understanding of complex urban transport problems - Land use-transportation planning seldom coordinated - Insufficient intermodal integration - False claims that in large cities traffic congestion is inevitable is still widespread - Special interests confuse situation by proposing paratransit, monorails and personal rapid transit as “optimal solutions” 9.4 City categories D. Industrialized Cities Leading in Transportation Solutions Several European, North American and Asian cities have solved most barriers and developed rational transportation systems: - Munich, Oslo, Zurich, Stockholm, Vienna, Copenhagen, Stuttgart - Portland, San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver - Singapore, Hong Kong 9.5 Rational transport policy formulation and implementation Understanding transport function and interactions Define goals and objectives Future travel Design transport syst