103.06.23需要做些什麼来保持灯和电源流向.docxVIP

Opinion: What needs to be done to keep the lights on and power flowingBy?Nomita Nair ??|???Monday, 23 June 20142One of the biggest challenges Myanmar faces is its alarmingly low electrification rates. Without reliable sources of electricity, it is impossible to rapidly industrialise a country and improve the lives of ordinary citizens. Blackouts and outages are common in Yangon and Nay Pyi Taw, the commercial and political hubs. Further afield, it is not unusual to behold swathes of pitch black for miles at night. Investors, especially in energy intensive industries, may think twice before setting up in Myanmar.One bright light is that the government appears to be showing real commitment to prioritise access to energy. In the last 18 months, it has taken steps to form a National Energy Management Committee and is in the process of re-drafting the 1984 Electricity Law and formulating a 20-year long-term energy plan. It is also using funds from international organisations to improve the country’s ailing distribution network and increase capacity.In addressing the power shortage, government decision makers face challenges in the short- to medium-term. Tackling these challenges and balancing the different perspectives will require some brave government decisions.Power tariffsFor social reasons, many countries choose to keep tariffs low even if the cost of generation is high. This is no different in Myanmar, where tariffs are among the world’s lowest and production cost recovery and revenue collection are also low. Recent protests against tariff increases showed affordability is a politically charged issue, especially for the poorest. However, continued subsidies can lead to a financially weak state-owned off-taker and is often not sustainable in the longer-term.Fuel constraintAlthough Myanmar is blessed with an abundance of natural resources, it is in danger of falling prey to the resources curse. It is essential there is full transparency of revenue earned from resourc