语言学十套题名词解释.docVIP

A lingua franca:A lingua franca is a language or way of communicating which is used between people who do not speak one anothers native language. (讲不同母语的人之间的)通用语 Argument论元内涵’s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for speaker to convey more than what is literally said. Context语境:The notion of context is essential to the pragmatic study of language. Generally speaking, it consists of the knowledge that is shared by the speaker and the hearer. Converse antonymy反向反义互补分布变音符派生词缀Grimms law格林法则: (also known as the First Germanic Sound Shift or the Rasks-Grimms rule), named for Jacob Grimm, is a set of statements describing the inherited Proto-Indo-European(PIE) stops as they developed in Proto-Germanic(PGmc, the common ancestor of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family) in the 1st millennium BC. It establishes a set of regular correspondences between early Germanic stops and fricatives and the stop consonants of certain other centum Indo-European languages (Grimm used mostly Latin and Greek for illustration). As it is presently formulated. Grammatical marker语法标记qualitative adjectives that vary the adjectives grade or intensity. General linguistics普通语言学:The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics. Langue 语言 parole 言语:langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Locutionary act,illocutionary act,and perlocutionary act: Locutionary act发话行为:”Hello”,we perform the action of greeting. perlocutionary act取消行为:perlocutionary act refers to the act that the speakers perform through a locutionary act,and brings about effects upon hearers. LAN: Language transfer语言转refers to the learners will subconsciously use their knowledge in learning a second language. Narrow transcription严式标音:diacritics are added to the one-letter symbols to show the finer differences between sounds. Negative transfer负迁移:is the obstruction of or interfere