毫无根据的信仰概要1.pptVIP

Unit 6 Groundless Believes About the text The present text is taken from Logic for the Millions by A．E．Mander, published by The Philosophical Library，New York，1947． A.E. Mander is an English psychologist, he writes many books, such as Our Sham Democracy, Psychology for everyman and woman, Alarming Australia and so on. A selection of books by A.E. Mande One thing we all do every day is express our views，state our beliefs or discuss our ideas．We say to one another：I think，I believe，I’m convinced，I’m sure，It goes without saying，It’s crystal clear，It’s as simple as ABC，No doubt．．．，etc. We may not be professional thinkers. But we all do thinking as a habit． We may not have reached the level of grade-one thinking．But we cannot avoid thinking，rightly or wrongly. Do we really know what we are doing and what we are thinking? Are we sure that all the beliefs we hold with conviction and accept without question are really true or well-grounded? What constitutes adequate grounds for beliefs? bare: a. naked; not covered with or protected by anything; empty; just efficient, mere… e.g. bare arm/feet/wall/facts the bare branches of winter trees. The fridge was completely bare. Phrases: with your bare hands bare your soul: to tell your deepest and most private feelings bare your teeth: to show your teeth in a fierce and threatening way barefaced: a. 公然的，厚颜无耻的，不戴面具的 e.g. a barefaced lie How religious are Americans? 93% of Americans say they believe in God 46% attend church every week or almost every week 63% think that religion can answer all or most of today’s problems 68% claim that they are a member of a local church 7% say they have no religious preference or beliefs Factors in the shaping of American religious patterns Immigration 移民 Proselytism 宗教劝诱 Denominationalism 宗派主义 Religious freedom 宗教自由 Enjoy the clip from the movie“Gladiator” . Synecdoche 提喻法 A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor ), the whole for