经济学原理微观ch02供求理论汇编.ppt

34 4 5 5 5 5 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 31 31 35 2 参考高鸿业主编：《西方经济学（第三版）》，第27页。 参考高鸿业主编：《西方经济学（第三版）》，第27页。 12 14 17 15 22 24 25 25 2 25 26 44 Impact of Saudi Production Cut The total supply (ST) is the sum of competitive (non-OPEC) supply (SC) and the 14 bb/yr of OPEC supply. Part (a) shows the short-run supply and demand curves. If Saudi Arabia stops producing, the supply curve will shift to the left by 3 bb/yr. In the short-run, price will increase sharply. Figure 2.23 Impact of Saudi Production Cut Figure 2.23 Part (b) shows long-run curves. In the long run, because demand and competitive supply are much more elastic, the impact on price will be much smaller. Impact of Saudi Production Cut The total supply (ST) is the sum of competitive (non-OPEC) supply (SC) and the 14 bb/yr of OPEC supply. Part (a) shows the short-run supply and demand curves. If Saudi Arabia stops producing, the supply curve will shift to the left by 3 bb/yr. In the short-run, price will increase sharply. Figure 2.23 Part (b) shows long-run curves. In the long run, because demand and competitive supply are much more elastic, the impact on price will be much smaller. Chapter 2: 供给和需求的基本原理 Slide * 主要内容 1 需求与供给 2 均衡价格的决定 3 均衡价格的变动（比较静态分析） 4 需求弹性与供给弹性 5 理解并预测市场变动趋势 6 政府干预对均衡价格的影响 Chapter 2: 供给和需求的基本原理 Slide * 6 政府干预对均衡价格的影响 政府可以两种形式影响一种商品的均衡价格——直接的价格政策和间接政策。 直接的价格政策是指政府通过直接对产品定价影响产品的供求。 间接政策是指政府通过实施税收政策、配额和津贴等措施影响商品的需求或供给，从而间接影响商品的市场价格。 Chapter 2: 供给和需求的基本原理 Slide * 6 政府干预对均衡价格的影响 本节只涉及直接的价格政策对市场的影响 6.1 限制价格——最高限价 6.2 支持价格——最低限价 Chapter 2: 供给和需求的基本原理 Slide * 6.1 限制价格(ceiling price) 也称最高限价。它是政府所规定的某种产品的最高价格。通常低于市场均衡价格。 目的： 抑制价格上涨，应对通货膨胀 限制某些垄断性很强的公用事业的价格 结果：供不应求 例子：美国对天然气井口的限价；中国对生活必需品的长期限价 D Effects of Price Controls Quantity Price P0 Q0 S Pmax Excess demand If price is regulated to be no higher than Pmax, quantity supplied falls to Q1 and quantity demanded increases to Q2. A shortage results. Q1 Q2 P1 Natural gas prices rose sharply after 2000, as did the prices of oil and other fuels. Price of