洱海北部地区水稻田面水氮磷动态变化概要1.docVIP

洱海北部地区水稻田面水氮磷动态变化 特征的研究 摘要 水稻田面水中的氮、磷浓度是稻田N、P 径流损失途径的关键因子，采用田间定点监测试验方法研究了洱海北部地区水稻田面N、P 素的分配特征和动态变化特征。结果表明，田面水总N (TN)、总P (TP)的浓度在施基肥后是先升后降的趋势，1～2天内达到峰值，然后逐渐下降，9天后含量差异趋同，在施入孕穗肥后，TN及TDN浓度立即达到峰值后又迅速下降NH4+-N 浓度变化在不同施肥时期有明显区别，施基肥后田面水浓度在到，在追肥期内TP和TDP浓度在施入基肥后呈指数型下降，在施肥9天后差异趋同。田面水TP和TDP浓度变化趋势相同，在施肥1天后达最大值，然后迅速下降，施入P肥9天后不同施P水平间差异趋同，15天以后田面水浓度下降到谷底。在施入P肥15天内，不同施P水平与TP、TDP、PP呈极显著正相关。因此，施肥后 9天内是控制 N、P 损失的关键时期，另外，洱海北部地区水稻施肥应避开降雨时期，以减少施肥后的径流流失；同时，对沟渠水进行降解处理也是控制减少农田面源污染的有效途径之一。 关键词：水稻土；田面水；氮；磷；浓度；动态变化； Dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in surface water of paddy soil in the northern region of ErHai lake Abstract The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface of the paddy field is key factor of N、P runoff erosion way we researched the distribution and dynamic variation characteristics of N、P in the surface of the paddy field in the northern part of Erhai lake with the method of field-monitoring .The result indicates that, the concentration of the total N,P in the surface of the paddy field tends to increase first and then drops . As the data reveals, the concentration reaches the peak value and then drops gradually in the first two days and there is no content difference after 9 days .After fertilizing booting fat ,the concentration of the TN and TDN reaches the peak value quickly and then drops rapidly , reaches the least and tends to stably after 9 days. The concentration of the total N,P have positive correlation with the rate of nitrogen application NH4+-N concentration change in different fertilizer period have obvious difference，after the basal fertilizers field surface water. The concentration of NH4+-N changes in different fertilizing time. The concentration of NH4+-N reaches the peak value in three and four days ,and then drops gradually in 6~9 days and keeps stable last ,but It just use 1 ~ 2 days to reach the top in topdressing stage .The TP and TDP concentration in the behaviors of water was in exponential decline, 9 days after