海洋科学概论 名词解释概要1.docVIP

Lithosphere(岩石圈) The surface layer is called the lithosphere, it is formed from the rigid layer of crust and the upper mantle, and is relatively strong and behaves rigidly. The tectonic plates(构造板块) are composed of lithosphere. 包括地壳和上地幔的顶层，这是一个不算很厚的板，由固态物质组成，刚性、有强度，大陆区有硅铝层、硅镁层及橄榄岩层，大洋区只有硅镁层和橄榄岩层。岩石圈的厚度不均，总的特征仍然是海洋下面最薄，高原区最厚。岩石圈也不是一个整块，而是由许多大小和形状不同的碎块拼接而成，称为板块（plates）。 Mid-ocean ridge and rise systems（洋中脊和隆起系统） (the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Mid-Indian Ridge, and the East Pacific Rise) A series of mountain ranges through the ocean basins, 65000km long, rise 2 to 3km above the adjacent sea floor a