第15章笔记(中英对照).DOC

第15章 Light, colours and beyond 光、顏色和光譜以外 姓名:________________________ 班別: 3______ ( ) Sight and light 視覺與光 Luminous objects give out light of their own. Campfire, light bulbs and fireflies are examples. 發光體本身能發出光，例子有營火、燈泡和螢火蟲。 Non-luminous objects do not give out light. We can see them because they reflect light into our eyes. Books and our body are examples. 不發光體不會發光，當這些物體把光反射到我們的眼睛，我們才能看到它們，例子有書本和我們的身體。 Properties of light: 光的性質： Light is a form of energy. 光是能量的一種形式。 Light can travel through a vacuum. 光可在真空中傳播。 Light travels at a very high speed (300 000 km/s). 光傳播的速率極高（每秒30萬千米）。 Light travels in straight lines. 光沿直線傳播。 Different types of light beams and their representations: 不同的光束和它們的表示方法： Parallel beam 平行光束 Divergent beam 發散光束 Convergent beam 會聚光束 Light rays from a nearby object and a distant object: 來自近處和遠處物體的光線： From a nearby object 來自近處物體 From a distant object 來自遠處物體 divergent 發散 almost parallel 接近平行 Since light travels in straight lines, the shape of the shadow is the same as the shape of the object. 由於光沿直線傳播，影子的形狀與物體的形狀相同。 Reflection at plane surfaces 平面反射 The laws of reflection: 光的反射定律： The angle of reflection (r) is always equal to the angle of incidence (i). 反射角 (r) 的大小總是等於入射角 (i) 的大小。 The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie on the same plane. 入射線、反射線和法線都在同一平面上。 Regular reflections occur at smooth surfaces. They can form clear images. 單向反射在光滑表面發生，能形成清晰的像。 Diffuse reflections occur at rough surfaces. They allow us to see objects from all directions. 漫反射在粗糙表面發生，讓我們能從不同方向看見物體。 Properties of image formed by a plane mirror: 平面鏡形成的像有以下特性： the image distance being the same as the object distance; 像距與物距相等； the image is of the same size as the object; 像和物的大小相同； the image is erect; 像是正立的； the image is laterally inverted. 像是橫向倒置的。 Uses of plane mirrors: 平面鏡的應用： Driving mirrors 汽車後視鏡 Daylight reflectors 集光鏡 Interior design 室內設計 Periscopes 潛望鏡 Dentist’s dual viewing mirrors 牙醫的雙視鏡 Light and colours 光與