灰铸铁中常见的冶金缺陷概要1.docVIP

Common Metallurgical Defects in Grey Cast Irons 灰铸铁中常见的冶金缺陷 Causes and Cures原因及对策 C.M.Ecob Customer Services Manager, Elkem AS, Foundry Products Division艾肯铸造产品部客户服务经理 C.Hartung Research Manager,Elkem AS, Foundry Products Division艾肯铸造产品部研发经理 Technical Service Manager, Elkem Bjolvefossen AS 艾肯技术服务经理 Abstract 摘要 Whilst most foundries today recognise the types of defect found in grey cast irons, an appreciation of the causes and therefore cures is not always apparent. 有时候很多铸造能够分辨出灰铸铁中的冶金缺陷，但相应的产生原因和对策却不是很清楚。 This paper will examine some of the common metallurgical defects, which have been found during examination of rejected castings in Elkems Research Centre in Norway.位于挪威的艾肯研究中心在检查报废的铸件时发现了一些铸造缺陷，本文将认真讨论和研究这些缺陷。 Gas defects are particularly difficult to categorise and particular attention is paid to hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon monoxide gas holes.气孔类的铸造缺陷是最难分类的，主要的关注应该集中在氢气孔、氮气孔、和一氧化碳气孔。 Other defect types examined include shrinkage, flake compaction, Widmanstatten graphite and the commonly seen ferritic rim.其它要讨论的缺陷包括收缩、短片状石墨、和常见的铁素体边缘。 Introduction引言 Metallurgical defects, whilst normally a small part of a foundrys defect casting percentage, can be time consuming and expensive to classify and hence remedy. In this paper, some of the more common defects are described based on case studies from Elkems Research Centre. In the examination of any defect, good metallographic facilities are necessary to provide sufficient detail to avoid mistakes in the correct identification of the defect, particularly when gas is suspected as the problem. Other defects, such as Widmanstatten graphite, may require high magnifications to be able to see the problem. 虽然冶金缺陷只占多铸造厂产品缺陷的很小一部分，但要分析其原因和采取正确的措施却是及其费时和昂贵的。在本文中将根据艾肯研发中心的案例研究来描述一些最普通的冶金缺陷。在任何缺陷的检查过程中，必须拥有良好的设备以便为正确的分析缺陷形成原因提供足够的信息来避免错误，特别是当认为是主要原因的时候。其它的缺陷，像魏氏体石墨，就需要高放大倍数的显微镜。 Hydrogen Pinholes氢引起的针孔 These may be considered to be one of the most expensive defects as they are not normally revealed until after machining. They can be f