蔓延模型的比较汇编.docVIP

两类常用森林火灾蔓延模型的比较 秦向东， 林其钊 (中国科学技术大学 热科学和能源工程系 230026 合肥 安徽 中国) 摘要：本文简介两类常用的森林火灾蔓延模型——邻接单元模型和波动传播模型的原理和实现方法。作为一种离散模型的邻接单元模型和作为一种连续模型的波动传播模型，两者的优势和缺陷在文中作了系统的总结，并分析了这些优势和缺陷对精度、实时性、复杂性、全局适应性、计算可靠性和整个模拟系统结构等性能的影响。通过对比发现两类模型在性能上的优势和局限有很强的互补性。因此，为了提高蔓延模型的性能，并使其不受火行为的复杂性和地理要素的复杂性的限制，有必要利用现有的计算机技术的将两者结合，取长补短。 关键词：森林火灾；计算机模拟；蔓延模型；邻接单元模型；波动传播模型 中图分类号：TK121 文献标识码：A Research on Two Categories of Spread Models Commonly Used for Forest Fire QIN Xiang-dong， LIN Qi-zhao (Dept of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, USTC, Hefei Anhui 230026 China) Abstract: The paper briefly introduced theories and algorithms of two spread models commonly used for forest fire, namely contiguous cellular model and wave propagation model. Their advantages and disadvantages of the former as a discrete model and the latter as a continuous model, were summarized systematically. And the effects of these advantages and disadvantages on the performance such as precision, complexity, adaptability, real time, calculation reliability and influence on whole simulation system etc., were analyzed in the paper. It was discovered through contrast that two model were strongly complemented each other in advantages and limitations of performance. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of spread simulation and not to be restricted by complexity of fire behavior or geographical elements, it is necessary to integrate both based on computer techniques, so that they can learn from each otherss strong points to offset their weakness. Key words: forest fire; computer simulation; spread model; contiguous cellular model; wave propagation model 1引言 用计算机模拟森林火灾的发展，是直观显示火蔓延过程和扑救决策方案的前提，是使扑救决策科学化，增加森林防火的科技含量的重要手段，从而成为现代森林防火努力的目标之一[1]。 按照森林火灾计算机模拟的层次结构的观点，整个模拟系统可划分为底层的以火行为计算为主的物理模型，中间层次的以火场形状计算为主的数学模型，以及高层的以蔓延模拟为主的计算 —————————— 收稿日期：2004-09 基金项目：国家自然科学基金,安徽省自然科学基金 作者简介：秦向东（1971－），男，江苏宜兴人，助研，硕士研究生，主要从事森林火灾的计算机模拟研究。 机模型。现有模拟系统的精度、实时性、可靠性、全局适应性的缺乏，很大程度上是由于尚未找到高效、可靠、适应性强的蔓延模型。 蔓延模型在火行为模型、火场形状模型等模型的基础上