益生菌英文介绍概要1.pptVIP

Probiotic益生菌 生技1102班三组 Probiotics? 1 What are probiotics?  2 3 4 Mechanisms of action Content History and definitions Prebiotics and synbiotics 1.What are probiotics? Probiotics are live microbes 【‘ma?krob 微生物 、细菌】that can be formulated 【 f?rmj?let按配方制造】 into many different types of product, including foods, drugs, and dietary supplements【膳食补充剂】. Species of Lactobacillus [,l?ktob?’s?l?s 乳酸杆菌] and Bifidobacterium [,baifid?ub?k‘ti:ri?m双歧杆菌] are most commonly used as probiotics. 01 2、History of probiotics （1）、A century ago, Elie Metchnikoff (a Russian scientist, Nobel laureate,) postulated that lactic acid bacteria offered health benefits capable of promoting longevity. He suggested that “intestinal auto- intoxication” and the resultant aging could be suppressed by modifying the gut microbiota and replacing proteolytic microbes such as Clostridium—which produce toxic substances （1）、一个世纪之前， Elie Metchnikoff (俄罗斯科学家诺贝尔奖得主)提出了乳酸菌可以促进健康，延长寿命的假证。他提出通过调整肠道微生物和用有益菌替代蛋白水解菌，可以抑制“肠道自我中毒”及其所导致的衰老。蛋白水解菌包括梭菌属它可以产生有毒物质 2、History of probiotics （ 2）、In 1917, the Germanprofessor Alfred Nissle isolated a nonpathogenic strain of Escherichia coli from the feces of a First World War soldier who did not develop enterocolitis during a severe outbreak of shigellosis. Disorders of the intestinal tract were frequently treated with viable nonpathogenic bacteria to change or replace the intestinal microbiota. The Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 is one of the few examples of a non-LAB probiotic. 2、History of probiotics （2）、1917年，德国教授Alfred Nissle从一位第一次世界大战士兵的粪便中分离了一株无致病性的大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）菌株，这位士兵在一次严重的细菌爆发中没有患小肠结肠炎。人们常常用活性非致病菌改造或替换肠道微生物来治疗肠道疾病。Nissle于1917年分离的大肠杆菌菌株是少量非乳酸菌益生菌的一种。 2、History of probiotics 3.The term “probiotics” was first introduced in 1965 by Lilly and Stillwell; in contrast to antibiotics, probiotics were defined as microbially derived factors