2空间等离子体 - space physics division of ustc.ppt

* Kolmogorov scaling (1941) –K41 theory base on fluid theory dissipation rate ~ vl3/l, k -5/3 in energy spectrum Kraichnan scaling (1965) – IK theory add magnetic field into eddy transportation in incompressible MHD turbulence dissipation rate ~ vl4/l, k -3/2 in energy spectrum W H Matthaeus Presentation to the Solar and Heliospheric Survey Panel, 2001 * Turbulence in space physics Solar wind is heated by some energy sources, and one possible source is turbulence; The turbulent cascade of solar wind may be caused by the fast solar wind stream from some holes; Two scaling laws are predicted in the cascade of solar wind, however the MHD turbulence theory (IK theory) seems not to agree the observation * Solar Wind * Turbulence in solar wind Belcher and Davis [1971] first demonstrated that the solar wind contains MHD turbulence: Figure 12.1 shows coupled variations in the three components of the magnetic field and fluid velocity of the solar wind. * Turbulence in solar wind /solarprobe_science.htm * K41 scaling law in space plasma Kraichnan (-1.5) scaling law seems not be shown? * Summary Wave in plasma Electrostatic waves Electromagnetic waves Whistler mode radio burst Turbulence Turbulence in solar wind Energy Cascade K41 scaling law * Alfvén waves (MHD waves) The waves is named after Dr. Hannes Olof G?sta Alfvén Nobel Prize in Physics 1970 Alfvén wrote in a letter to the journal Nature in 1942: If a conducting liquid is placed in a constant magnetic field, every motion of the liquid gives rise to an E.M.F. which produces electric currents. Owing to the magnetic field, these currents give mechanical forces which change the state of motion of the liquid. Thus a kind of combined electromagnetic-hydrodynamic wave is produced. Alfvén waves initiated the field of magnetohydrodynamics which subsequently earned Alfvén a Nobel Prize. * 色散关系在电离层电磁波反射上的应用 Reflection of waves A cut-off occurred at the plasma frequency Al