台师大92年下, 原子分子光谱学.pdf

Chapter 2. Electromagnetic Radiation and its Interaction with Atoms and Molecules 2.1 Electromagnetic Radiation Ey = A sin(2πνt - kx) Eq. (2.1) H = A sin(2πνt - kx) z where, k = 2π/λ wbt 1 2.2 Absorption and Emission of Radiation ΔE = E - E = hν = hc ~ Eq. (2.2) ν n m wbt 2 There are 3 processes which occur in this two-state system: 1. induced absorption M + hν M* Eq. (2.3) 2. spontaneous emission M* M* + hν Eq. (2.4) 3. induced emission M* + hν M + 2 hν Eq. (2.5) For an induced absorption process (from state m to state n) Rate of change of population Nn of state n dN n = ~ Eq. (2.6) N m Bmn ρ (ν ) dt where Bmn is Einstein coefficient for induced absorption ~ ρ (ν ) is spectral radiation density ~3 πhcν ~ 8 ρ ν Eq. (2.7) ( ) ~ exp(hcν / kT) − 1 wbt 3 For an induced emission process (from state n to state m) dN n ~ Eq. (2.8) = − N B ρ(ν ) dt n nm Note: Einstein coefficient for induced emission B = B nm mn For a spontaneous emission proce