现在完成式.doc

假設法(Subjunctive Mood) 前言： If + 主詞 ( were …, (過去動詞 , (過去式助動詞+ VR , 主詞 would could should might VR If he were rich, he could help those boys. ( 事實上，他不富有，他也無法幫助那些男孩 If he had enough money, he would buy the car. ( 事實上，他她沒有足夠的錢，也無法買那輛車。 If he could help you, he would help you. ( 可惜他無法幫你。 與過去事實相反的假設 If + 主詞 had + 過去分詞…, 主詞 would could should might have + 過去分詞 If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we would have played tennis. ( 事實上，昨天下了大雨，所以我們沒打網球。 If I had known her telephone number, I would have called her. ( 事實上，我不知道她的電話號碼，所以我沒有打電話給她。 條件句與過去事實相反；主要子句與現在事實相反 If + 主詞 had + 過去分詞…, 主詞 would could should might VR If he had studied hard before, he would be a college student now. ( 事實上，他以前不用功，所以他現在不是大學生。 If I had followed his advice, I wouldn’t get into trouble now. ( 事實上，我過去沒有聽從他的忠告，所以我現在有了麻煩。 與未來事實相反的假設 公式1：與現在的假設相同，通常由上下文的文意或時間副詞來辨別 If + 主詞 ( were …, (過去動詞 , (過去式助動詞+ VR , 主詞 would could should might VR If you were happy, you would make others happy. ( 事實上，你不快樂，所以你也不可能使別人快樂。 If your father knew this, he would be angry. 公式2：表示未來絕對不可能發生的假設 If + 主詞 were to VR , 主詞 would could should might VR If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money. If we were to be 200 years old, we could change everything. If he were to start tomorrow morning, he would reach home in the evening. 公式3：做「萬一」解釋，表可能性極小 If + 主詞 should + VR , (祈使句 (主詞+ will / can / may + VR (主詞+ would / should / could / might + VR If it should rain tomorrow, don’t wait for me. If he should come late, tell him to wait. If he should lose, I will feel sorry. If he should be sick, he would go to see a doctor. If的省略 If 主詞 + were / had / should / would … ( (省略If) + Were / Had / Should / Would + 主詞 + … If it were not for his help, I couldn’t do so well. ( Were it not for his help, …. If he had money, he would buy the car. ( Has he money, he …. If I had known your address, I would have written to you. ( Had I known your …. If he should fail, he would be very sad. (