局部解剖学学习资料（浙大版）Thorax.pptVIP

Thorax Ling Shucai Contents Ⅰ. Summarization 概述 Ⅱ. The thoracic wall 胸壁 Ⅲ. The blood vessels and nerves in thoracic cavity 胸腔内的血管和神经 Ⅳ. The lungs 肺 Ⅴ. The mediastinum 纵隔 Boundary 境界 Surface landmark 表面标志 Lines of orientation on the thorax 胸部标志线 Jugular notch 颈静脉切迹 Sternal angle (of Louis) 胸骨角 Xiphoid process剑突 Costal margin (costal arch) 肋弓 Infrasternal angle 胸骨下角 Clavicle 锁骨 Inferior angle of scapula 肩胛骨下角 Nipple 乳头 1. Superficial structures Skin Superficial fascia Thoracoepigastric v. Supraclavicular n. Anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal n. The segmental innervation of anterior surface of trunk T2－sternal angle T4－ nipple T6－xiphoid process T8－costal arch T10－umbilicus T12－midpoint between umbilicus and symphysis pubis Lymphatic drainage of breast Into pectoral ln. from lateral and central parts of breast Into apical and supraclavicular ln. from superior part of breast Into parasternal ln. from medial part of breast Into interpectoral ln. from deep part of breast The lymphatic capillaries of breast form an anastomosing network which is continuous across the midline with that of the opposite side and with that of the abdominal wall The muscles of thoracic wall Extrinsic muscles Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Intrinsic muscles Intercostales externi 肋间外肌 Intercostales interni 肋间内肌 Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌 Transverses thoracis 胸横肌 Intercostales externi Origin: lower border of rib) Insertion: upper border of rib below origin Action: elevate ribs adding in forced inspiration Replaced anteriorly by external intercostals membrane. Intercostales interni Origin: upper border of rib Insertion: lower border of rib above origin Action: depress ribs for forced expiration Replaced posteriorly by internal intercostals membrane. Diaphragm 膈 Shape and position: dome-shaped between thorax and abdomen, consists of a peripheral muscular part and a central tendon Origin Sternal part: