（参考翻译）14.肝硬化.pptVIP

General measures: 一. far from injury factors e.g. abstaining(禁绝) from alcohol or drugs harmful to liver medications used to treat the different types of hepatitis 肝炎, such as lamivudine(拉米夫定) or entecavir（恩替卡韦）tablet for viral hepatitis and corticosteroids(皮质类固醇) for autoimmune(自身免疫) hepatitis Cirrhosis caused by Wilson‘s disease, in which copper 铜builds up in organs, is treated with medications to remove the copper 二. Relax and an adequate bed rest 三. diet the diet should be palatable(美味), with adequate calories(卡路里) and protein(75-100g/day) and, if there is fluid retention 液体潴留, sodium(钠）restriction(限制). In the presence of hepatic encephalopathy, protein intake should be reduced to 60-80g/day.vitamin supplementation is desirable 满足需要的. No alcohol and drugs harmful to liver, hard or coarse（粗糙） food are avoided(避免). There are no drugs to reverse 逆转 cirrhosis which have the especially good effect, vitamins or digestive enzyme may be prescribed 规定/开药. some chinese herbal（草药） medicine treatment may improve the liver function and symptoms. For those patients with advanced cirrhosis, supportive treatment is needed by transfusion（输液）, and the balance of fluid and electrolyte(电解质) should be maintained. 四. drug Ascites and edema Basically: Dietary sodium restriction (400-800mg/day) restriction of fluid intake (800-1000ml/day) is required especially for patients with hyponatremia 低钠血症（低血钠）(500ml/day) . Diuretics（利尿剂）: spironolactone (100mg-400mg/day)（氨体舒通） furosemide (40-160mg/day)（速尿） The goal of weight loss should be no more than 0.5-0.7 kg/day Large-volume paracentesis （穿刺放液） In patients with massive ascites and respiratory(呼吸） compromise 让步, ascites refractory（难控制） to diuretics 利尿剂, or intolerable diuretic side effects, large-volume paracentesis(4-6 L) is effective when this is done, it is often the practice 实践 to give intravenous(静脉内的) albumin concomitantly（伴随）at a dosage of 10g/L of ascites fluid removed to protect the intravascular