外泌体与乳腺癌关系的研究进展 - 生理学报.pdf

352 生理学报Acta Physiologica Sinica , June 25, 2016, 68(3): 352–358 DOI: 10.13294/j.aps.2016.0041 综　述 外泌体与乳腺癌关系的研究进展 毕桃玲，孙金剑，田雨子，周叶方* 410108 中南大学生命科学学院细胞生物系，医学遗传学国家重点实验室，长沙 摘 要：外泌体是细胞经过“内吞-融合-外排”等一系列调控过程而形成的细胞外纳米级小囊泡。外泌体通过其携带的蛋白 或RNA影响受体基因调控网络或表观遗传重组，进而调控细胞的生理过程。研究表明，乳腺癌细胞自身分泌的外泌体和外 界细胞分泌的外泌体在乳腺癌发生、发展过程中的细胞迁移、细胞分化和免疫应答等方面发挥重要作用。本文对外泌体与 乳腺癌关系的研究进展进行综述。 关键词：外泌体；乳腺癌；细胞迁移；细胞分化；免疫应答 中图分类号：R737.9 Research progress of relationship between exosomes and breast cancer * BI Tao-Ling, SUN Jin-Jian, TIAN Yu-Zi, ZHOU Ye-Fang Department of Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Changsha 410108, China Abstract: Exosomes are nanosized small membrane microvesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types. Exosomes, through its carrying protein or RNA from derived cells, affect gene regulation networks or epigenetic reorganization of receptor cell, and then modulate the physiological processes of cells. Studies have shown that external exosomes secreted by breast cancer cells or other cells play an important role in the development of tumor, including cell migration, cell differentiation and the immune response, etc. In this article, the latest studies were summarized to provide an overview of current understanding of exosomes in breast cancer. Key words: exosome; breast cancer; cell migration; cell differentiation; immune response 乳腺癌是危害女性健康最主要的恶性肿瘤之 1 外泌体 一。由于早期诊断和治疗方法不够完善，因此临床 1.1 外泌体的定义及发现 治疗效果不理想。近些年的研究表明，外泌体在乳 外泌体最早是于1986 年在体外培养的绵羊红 腺癌的发生和发展中发挥着非常重要的作用。乳腺 细胞上清液中发现的，是多种类型哺乳动物细胞分 癌来源的外泌体不仅影响自身细胞的增殖和迁移， 泌的小囊泡，分子直径为30~100 nm，能够稳定存 而且调控其它细胞的生理功能。其它细胞来源的外 在于尿液、血液、唾液、乳汁、肿瘤积液、脑脊髓 泌体也同样影响乳腺癌的发生、发展。因此外泌体 液和羊水等多种体液中，在肿瘤微